A plant with a two-year life cycle, typically flowering during the second year before dying.

A bitter secretion of the liver that aids digestion, chiefly by saponifying fats.

The two-part scientific name used to identify plants; consists of the genus and species of a plant.

A class of botanical secondary metabolites, many of which are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

An herb that has a bitter taste and stimulates the release of digestive secretions through a taste bud reflex. Bitters are used to promote the digestion of food and assimilation of nutrients.

The study of plants.